The Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer
Abnormal cell growth in the mouth, lips, tongue, or throat can indicate a serious condition that, when identified early, has a high likelihood of successful treatment. While those over the age of 45 face a higher risk, screening is advisable for anyone experiencing the following symptoms:
- Discoloured patches in the mouth or on the lips, appearing white or dark red.
- Unusual lumps or changes in texture.
- Persistent canker sores, numb areas, or ongoing bleeding.
- Altered sensations in the tongue, changes in taste, or difficulty swallowing.
- The Risk Factors for Oral Cancer
Certain lifestyle choices and medical conditions can increase the likelihood of developing oral cancer. These include:
- Use of tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, or chewing tobacco.
- Frequent or excessive alcohol consumption, particularly when combined with smoking.
- Potential exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the mouth.
- Prolonged sun exposure, especially for individuals with an outdoor lifestyle.
- Poor nutrition or unhealthy eating habits.
- A family history of oral cancer.
- Higher prevalence in men compared to women.
- A history of leukoplakia, characterised by thick, white patches inside the mouth.
Prevention, Detection and Treatment of Oral Cancer
Spotting Early Signs of Cancer
An oral cancer screening is designed to catch cancer or precancerous conditions in the mouth at an early stage. During the examination, your dentist will thoroughly inspect the inside of your mouth and the area beneath your tongue, looking for any unusual red or white patches or sores that may be cause for concern. They will also gently feel the tissues inside your mouth to check for lumps or changes in texture. Additionally, your throat and neck may be examined to detect any abnormal swelling or masses.
Diagnosis and treatment
If any suspicious signs are found during your screening, further diagnostic tests may be recommended. These can include a biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken for laboratory testing, or imaging procedures such as X-rays, ultrasounds, CT scans, or an MRI to gain a clearer picture of the affected area. If a tumour is confirmed, treatment options may involve surgery to remove it, as well as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the severity and location of the cancer.
Prevention of oral cancer
There are several proactive steps you can take to lower your risk of developing oral cancer. Regular dental check-ups play a key role in early detection. Avoiding tobacco products, moderating alcohol consumption, protecting your lips from excessive sun exposure with UV-protective lip balms, maintaining a well-balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and routinely checking your mouth for any unusual changes while brushing and flossing can all contribute to reducing the likelihood of oral cancer. If you notice anything out of the ordinary, consult your dentist as soon as possible for further evaluation.
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Your consultation will include an examination of everything from your teeth, gums and soft tissues to the shape and condition of your bite. Generally, we want to see how your whole mouth looks and functions. Before we plan your treatment we want to know everything about the health and aesthetic of your smile, and most importantly, what you want to achieve so we can help you get there.
Frequently Asked Questions
Individuals with certain risk factors for oral cancer are encouraged to request a screening as part of their regular dental check-up. Noticing any unusual changes in colour or texture inside the mouth, or detecting a lump or sore that does not heal, should prompt a visit to a healthcare professional for further assessment.
A thorough examination of the lips, inner cheeks, gums, and all areas of the tongue is conducted during a dental visit. The dentist will also carefully feel for any abnormalities or changes in texture. In addition, they may gently press on the jaw, face, throat, and neck to check for any lumps or areas of tenderness that could indicate concern.
Begin by washing your hands thoroughly with warm, soapy water. Stand in front of a mirror and examine the roof of your mouth, lips, tongue, and gums. Lift your upper lip and pull down your lower lip to check the areas behind them. To get a better grip on your tongue, you can use a cotton pad or gauze to inspect the sides and underside. Try to examine your gums and use your fingers to feel the inner surfaces of your mouth. Pay attention to any changes in colour, lumps, rough textures, or areas of tenderness. If you have a sore that hasn’t healed within two weeks, inform your dentist.
Painless, flat patches in shades of red, white, grey, or yellow with a reddish border may develop in various areas of the mouth. These patches can form on the lips, gums, inner cheeks, tongue, or the roof of the mouth. To ensure any unusual changes are properly assessed, it is always advisable to consult your dentist or healthcare provider.
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